Leucemia mieloide aguda: fisiopatología, clasificación molecular y pronóstico, revisión 2016
Resumen
El propósito de esta revisión es resumir los aspectos esenciales sobre la fisiopatología, clasificación y pronóstico de la leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA), enfatizando la relación existente entre mutaciones puntuales y sobrevida esperada.
La LMA incluye un grupo de enfermedades que se caracterizan por una proliferación clonal de precursores mieloides y que resultan en manifestaciones clínicas diversas, como anemia, infecciones o hemorragias. Se postula que su formación sigue un proceso de dos pasos, en donde primero se perpetúan los precursores y luego se les confiere una ventaja replicativa. Los hallazgos citogenéticos actuales obligaron a renovar la clasificación de esta enfermedad y de esta forma, surge la clasificación 2016 de la Organización Mundial de la Salud.
Las nuevas técnicas moleculares han ayudado a categorizar a la LMA según su citogenética, lo que ha servido para otorgar pronóstico y mejorar el tratamiento.
Palabras clave:
leucemia mieloide aguda, fisiopatología, clasificación, citogenética, pronósticoReferencias
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