Actividad física y sus efectos durante el embarazo
Resumen
A pesar de los conocidos beneficios del ejercicio, aún existe temor a la hora de prescribirlo en mujeres embarazadas. Se revisó la literatura respecto a las indicaciones, contraindicaciones, beneficios y recomendaciones de la actividad física en una mujer embarazada. La literatura ha demostrado que dentro de los efectos positivos del ejercicio en el embarazo está la disminución del riesgo de macrosomía, del peso materno y disminución del número de cesáreas. Además, en mujeres diabéticas gestacionales se relaciona con menor uso de insulina, y la mujeres presentan menos trastornos del ánimo. No se ha visto que aumente el riesgo de parto prematuro ni bajo peso al nacer. En caso de preeclampsia el ejercicio está contraindicado. No hay contraindicaciones respecto a la actividad física de moderada o alta intensidad, siempre que sea supervisada y controlada. Se recomienda el deporte acuático, yoga, y actividades aeróbicas. Mujeres deportistas de alto rendimiento pueden mantener sus entrenamientos, siempre que no tengan historia de parto prematuro anterior. Conclusión: La literatura no muestra evidencia que contraindique la realización de deporte y actividad física durante el embarazo, independiente de su intensidad, mientras sea debidamente supervisado.Palabras clave:
deporte, ejercicio, embarazo, mujerReferencias
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