Emergências educacionais são situações-chave capazes de redefinir a maneira como a sociedade organiza seus respectivos sistemas educacionais. Esta pesquisa analisa a influência das equipes de gestão no desenvolvimento da agência docente durante o ensino remoto emergencial em três escolas de diferentes contextos socioeconômicos e geográficos. Dezoito professores e seis diretores foram entrevistados, utilizando a estrutura da agência docente, a teoria fundamentada e a análise temática para processar os dados. Os resultados mostram que as decisões tomadas pelos diretores durante o ensino remoto emergencial permitiram o desenvolvimento da agência docente em três dimensões principais: desafios de adaptação do professor, apoio da gestão educacional e melhores percepções do professor sobre a gestão educacional. O estudo conclui que o apoio dos diretores e a liberdade na tomada de decisões curriculares dos professores são fatores-chave para facilitar o desenvolvimento da agência do professor e enfrentar a crise educacional. O estudo é inovador em seu uso da abordagem ecológica da agência do professor como estrutura teórica e em sua análise retrospectiva de crises sociais e educacionais.
Alarcón, C. C., Herrera-Seda, C., Sepúlveda, J. F., y Torres-Contreras, H. (2023). “The context required it”: Pandemic, teacher agency and inclusion in Chile. Psicoperspectivas, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.5027/psicoperspectivas-vol22-issue2-fulltext-2887
Badiozaman, I. F. A. (2021). Exploring online readiness in the context of the COVID 19 pandemic. Teaching in Higher Education, 28(8), 1974–1992. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2021.1943654
Biesta, G., Priestley, M., y Robinson, S. (2017). Talking about education: exploring the significance of teachers’ talk for teacher agency. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 49(1), 38-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2016.1205143
Carruana, A., Alario-Hoyos, C., y Delgado Kloos, C. (2023). A study of student and teacher challenges in smart synchronous hybrid learning environments. Sustainability, 15(15), 11694. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511694
Chaaban, Y., Al-Thani, H., y Du, X. (2021). A narrative inquiry of teacher educators’ professional agency, identity renegotiations, and emotional responses amid educational disruption. Teaching and Teacher Education, 108, 103522 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103522
Chaaban, Y., Arar, K., Sawalhi, R., Alhouti, I., y Zohri, A. (2021). Exploring teachers’ professional agency within shifting educational contexts: A comparative study of Lebanon, Qatar, Kuwait, and Morocco. Teaching and Teacher Education, 106, 103451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103451
Chávez, J., Fauré, J., y Barril Madrid, J. (2022). The role of agency in the construction and development of professional identity. Learning: Research and Practice, 9(1), 93–108. https://doi.org/10.1080/23735082.2022.2134575
Chen, M. (2023). Teaching in emergency remote classrooms: reflections for professional learning. Educational Research, 65(1), 64–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2023.2167729
Clarke, V., y Braun, V. (2017). Thematic analysis. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(3), 297–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1262613
Díaz, B., y Nussbaum, M. (2024). Artificial intelligence for teaching and learning in schools: The need for pedagogical intelligence. Computers & Education, 207, 105071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105071
Edwards, A. (2005). Relational agency: Learning to be a resourceful practitioner. International journal of educational research, 43(3), 168-182.
Ehren, M. C. M., Madrid, R., Romiti, S., Armstrong, P. W., Fisher, P., y McWhorter, D. L. (2021). Teaching in the COVID-19 era: Understanding the opportunities and barriers for teacher agency. Perspectives in Education, 39(1), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.18820/2519593X/pie.v39.i1.5
Engeström, Y. (2001). Expansive learning at work: Toward an activity theoretical reconceptualization. Journal of Education and Work, 14(1), 133-156.
Eradze, M., De Martino, D., Tinterri, A., Albó, L., Bardone, E., Sunar, A. S., y Dipace, A. (2023). After the Pandemic: Teacher Professional Development for the Digital Educational Innovation. Education Sciences, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13050432
Gillani, A., Dierst-Davies, R., Lee, S., Robin, L., Li, J., Glover-Kudon, R., Baker, K., y Whitton, A. (2022). Teachers’ dissatisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic: Factors contributing to a desire to leave the profession. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.940718
Glaser, B. G., y Strauss, A. L. (2019). The Discovery of Grounded Theory. Routledge https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203793206-1
Gochhayat, J., Giri, V. N., y Suar, D. (2017). Influence of organizational culture on organizational effectiveness: The mediating role of organizational communication. Global Business Review, 18(3), 691-702.
Gong, Y., Fan, C. W., y Wang, C. (2021). Teacher agency in adapting to online teaching during COVID-19: A case study on teachers of Chinese as an additional language in Macau. Journal of Technology and Chinese Language Teaching, 12(1), 82–101.
Harris, A., y Jones, M. (2020). COVID 19–school leadership in disruptive times. School Leadership & Management, 40(4), 243–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2020.1811479
Herrera-Seda, C., y Pantić, N. (2025). Exercising teacher agency for inclusion in challenging times: A multiple case study in Chilean schools. Education Sciences, 15(3), 316. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15030316
Hilal, Y. Y., y Akar, B. (2023). School leaders and teachers´ agency: Atypical stories from a compounded crises context. International Journal of Educational Research, 121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2023.102226
Hodges, C. B., Moore, S., Lockee, B. B., Trust, T., y Bond, M. A. (2020). The Difference Between Emergency Remote Teaching and Online Learning. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/104648
Hull, M. M., y Uematsu, H. (2020). A survey to measure perceived agency of teachers. International Journal of Physics and Chemistry Education, 12(3), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.51724/ijpce.v12i3.82
Lin, X. F., Luo, G., Luo, S., Liu, J., Chan, K. K., Chen, H., Zhou, W., y Li, Z. (2024). Promoting pre-service teachers’ learning performance and perceptions of inclusive education: An augmented reality-based training through learning by design approach. Teaching and Teacher Education, 148, 104661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104661
Lincoln, Y., y Guba, E. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. SAGE Publications.
Mäkelä, T., Sikström, P., Jääskelä, P., Korkala, S., Kotkajuuri, J., Kaski, S., y Taalas, P. (2022). Factors Constraining Teachers’ Wellbeing and Agency in a Finnish University: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic. Education Sciences, 12(10), 722. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12100722
Merriam, S. B. (1985). The case study in educational research: A review of selected literature. The Journal of Educational Thought (JET)/Revue de la Pensée Educative, 19(3), 204-217.
McLeod, S., y Dulsky, S. (2021). Resilience, Reorientation, and Reinvention: School Leadership During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Education, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.637075
Milicic, S. L. de L. (2016). Tensiones docentes en el año del terremoto y tsunami de 2010 en Chile. Estudios Pedagógicos, 42(3), 259–276. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-07052016000400014
Ministerio de Educación de Chile [Mineduc]. (2023). Material educativo – Emergencia y Desastre. https://emergenciaydesastres.mineduc.cl/material-educativo
Molla, T., y Nolan, A. (2020). Teacher agency and professional practice. Teachers and Teaching, 26(1), 67-87.
Priestley, M., Biesta, G., y Robinson, S. (2015). Teacher agency: an ecological approach. Bloomsbury Academic.
Priestley, M., Edwards, R., Priestley, A., y Miller, K. (2012). Teacher Agency in Curriculum Making: Agents of Change and Spaces for Manoeuvre. Curriculum Inquiry, 42(2), 191–214. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-873X.2012.00588.x
Reyes-Guerra, D., Maslin-Ostrowski, P., Barakat, M. Y., y Stefanovic, M. A. (2021). Confronting a Compound Crisis: The School Principal’s Role During Initial Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Education, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.617875
Reyes-Rojas, J., y Barahona, M. (2022). Aprender a enseñar en tiempos de COVID 19: una taxonomía de dificultades tecnológicas vividas por estudiantes de pedagogía en inglés. Revista Internacional de Pedagogía e Innovación Educativa, 2(1), 49-72. https://doi.org/10.51660/ripie.v2i1.86
Reyes-Rojas, J., y Salinas, Á. (2024). Crisis times and school education: is teacher agency changing? Education Inquiry, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/20004508.2024.2417531
Reyes-Rojas, J. y Sánchez, J. (2025). Did We Learn Anything? Teachers’ Learning Technology Use in the Classroom in a Post-Covid Era. En: B.K. Smith y M. Borge, (eds), Learning and Collaboration Technologies. HCII 2025. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (pp. 15808). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-93746-0_25
Riveras-León, J. C., y Tomas-Folch, M. (2020). The organizational culture of innovative schools: The role of the principal. Journal of Educational Sciences, 21, 21-37.
Román, D. X., Castro, M., Baeza, C., Knab, R., Huss-Lederman, S., y Chacon, M. (2021). Resilience, collaboration, and agency: Galapagos teachers confronting the disruption of COVID-19. Journal of Environmental Education, 52(5), 325–334. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2021.1981204
Sá, M. J., y Serpa, S. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic as an opportunity to foster the sustainable development of teaching in higher education. Sustainability, 12(20), 8525.
Teruya, J. (2023). Pedagogy in a pandemic: Responsibilisation and agency in the (re)making of teachers. Pedagogy, Culture and Society, 31(1), 185–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2021.1898044
Thumvichit, A. (2021). English language teaching in times of crisis: Teacher agency in response to the pandemic-forced online education. Teaching English with Technology, 21(2), 14–37.
Ukkonen-Mikkola, T., y Varpanen, J. (2020). Integrated initial and continuing training as a way of developing the professional agency of teachers and student teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 96, 103189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103189
Usak, M., Masalimova, A. R., Cherdymova, E. I., y Shaidullina, A. R. (2020). New playmaker in science education: Covid-19. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 19(2), 180. https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/20.19.180
Vaillant, D. (2019). Directivos y comunidades de aprendizaje docente: un campo en construcción. Revista Eletrônica de Educação, 13(1), 87-106.
Versmesse, I., Derluyn, I., Masschelein, J., y De Haene, L. (2017). After conflict comes education? Reflections on the representations of emergencies in ‘Education in Emergencies.’ Comparative Education, 53(4), 538–557. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2017.1327570
Xun, Y., Zhu, G., y Rice, M. (2021). How do beginning teachers achieve their professional agency and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic? A social-ecological approach. Journal of Education for Teaching, 47(5), 745–748. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2021.1945415
Yin, R. K. (2016). Case Study Research and Applications. Sage Publications.